The primary mission of the Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy is to promote scholarship, research, and publications on Cuba's expected transition to a free market economy and democracy. They also pursue the study of the Cuban economy in a broad sense, with particular emphasis on the financial, economic, social, legal and environmental aspects of Cuba as it is today.

In its annual proceedings, the association publishes academic papers presented at its meetings. These papers cover a wide range of topics dealing with Cuba's society, economy, and political situation.